Prosecutions for July 2017

Number Latest Month 10,085
Percent Change from previous month -8.3
Percent Change from 1 year ago -12.9
Percent Change from 5 years ago
(Including Magistrate Court)
-31.2
Percent Change from 5 years ago
(Excluding Magistrate Court)
-22.4
Table 1. Criminal Prosecutions

The latest available data from the Justice Department show that during July 2017 the government reported 10085 new prosecutions. According to the case-by-case information analyzed by the Transactional Records Access Clearinghouse (TRAC), this number is down 8.3 percent over the previous month.

The comparisons of the number of defendants charged are based on case-by-case information obtained by TRAC under the Freedom of Information Act from the Executive Office for United States Attorneys (see Table 1).

When monthly 2017 prosecutions of this type are compared with those of the same period in the previous year, the number of filings was down (-12.9%). Prosecutions over the past year are still much lower than they were five years ago. Overall, the data show that prosecutions of this type are down 31.2 percent from levels reported in 2012.

The dip in these cases is partly related to increases in the matters filed in U.S. Magistrate Courts. If magistrate cases are excluded and only Federal District Court cases are counted, the overall decrease in prosecutions is 22.4 percent instead of 31.2 percent. The evidence suggests that part of the difference may be the result of improvements in the recording of the magistrate cases by the Justice Department.

Bar and line plot of FYMON

Figure 1. Monthly Trends in Prosecutions

The decrease from the levels five years ago in prosecutions for these matters is shown more clearly in Figure 1. The vertical bars in Figure 1 represent the number of prosecutions of this type recorded on a month-to-month basis. Where a prosecution was initially filed in U.S. Magistrate Court and then transferred to the U.S. District Court, the magistrate filing date was used since this provides an earlier indicator of actual trends. The superimposed line on the bars plots the six-month moving average so that natural fluctuations are smoothed out. The one and five-year rates of change in Table 1 and in the sections that follow are all based upon this six-month moving average. To view trends year-by-year rather than month-by-month, see TRAC's annual report series for a broader picture.

Cases were classified by prosecutors into more specific types.

The largest number of prosecutions of these matters in July 2017 was for "Immigration", accounting for 51.3 percent of prosecutions. Prosecutions were also filed for "Drugs-Drug Trafficking" (11%), "Withheld by Govt from TRAC (FOIA challen" (10.3%), "Weapons-Operation Triggerlock Major" (6%), "Drugs-Organized Crime Task Force" (3.4%), "Other Criminal Prosecutions" (2.7%), "Assimilated Crimes" (2.4%). See Figure 2.

The lead investigative agency for prosecutions in July 2017 was DHS accounting for 58 percent of prosecutions referred. Other agencies with substantial numbers of referrals were: DEA (10% ), FBI (9%), ATF (8%), Interior (3%). See Figure 3.

Pie chart of progcatlabel

Figure 2. Specific Types of Prosecutions
Pie chart of agenrevgrp

Figure 3. Prosecutions by Investigative Agency

Prosecutions in U.S. Magistrate Courts

Top Ranked Lead Charges

In July 2017, 6001 defendants in cases for these matters were filed in U.S. Magistrate Courts. These courts handle less serious misdemeanor cases, including what are called "petty offenses." In addition, complaints are sometimes filed in the magistrate courts before an indictment or information is entered. In these cases, the matter starts in the magistrate courts and later moves to the district court where subsequent proceedings take place.

In the magistrate courts in July the most frequently cited lead charge was Title 8 U.S.C Section 1325 involving "Entry of alien at improper time or place; etc.". This was the lead charge for 44.1 percent of all magistrate filings in July.

Other frequently prosecuted lead charges include: "08 USC 1326 - Reentry of deported alien" (25.9%).

Prosecutions in U.S. District Courts

In July 2017, 4084 defendants in new cases for these matters were charged in the U.S. District Courts. In addition during July there were an additional 1826 defendants whose cases moved from the magistrate courts to the U.S. district courts after an indictment or information was filed. The sections which follow cover both sets of cases and therefore cover all matters filed in district court during July.

Top Ranked Lead Charges

Table 2 shows the top lead charges recorded in the prosecutions of matters filed in U.S. District Court during July 2017.

Lead Charge Count Rank 1yr ago 5yrs ago  
08 USC 1326 - Reentry of deported alien 1,340 1 1 1 More
21 USC 841 - Drug Abuse Prevention & Control-Prohibited acts A 719 2 2 2 More
21 USC 846 - Attempt and conspiracy 555 3 3 3 More
18 USC 922 - Firearms; Unlawful acts 524 4 4 4 More
08 USC 1324 - Bringing in and harboring certain aliens 274 5 5 5 More
21 USC 952 - Importation of controlled substances 113 6 6 6 More
18 USC 1951 - Hobbs Act 92 7 10 13 More
18 USC 1343 - Fraud by wire, radio, or television 73 8 9 12 More
18 USC 2252 - Material involving sexual exploitation of minors 70 9 7 7 More
18 USC 371 - Conspiracy to commit offense or to defraud US 67 10 8 9 More
Table 2. Top Charges Filed

  • "Reentry of deported alien" (Title 8 U.S.C Section 1326) was the most frequent recorded lead charge. "Reentry of deported alien" (Title 8 U.S.C Section 1326) was ranked 1 a year ago, while it was ranked 1 five years ago.

  • Ranked 2nd in frequency was the lead charge "Drug Abuse Prevention & Control-Prohibited acts A" under Title 21 U.S.C Section 841. "Drug Abuse Prevention & Control-Prohibited acts A" under Title 21 U.S.C Section 841 was ranked 2 a year ago, while it was ranked 2 five years ago.

  • Ranked 3rd was "Attempt and conspiracy" under Title 21 U.S.C Section 846. "Attempt and conspiracy" under Title 21 U.S.C Section 846 was ranked 3 a year ago, while it was ranked 3 five years ago.

Among these top ten lead charges, the one showing the greatest increase in prosecutions — up 10 percent — compared to one year ago was Title 18 U.S.C Section 922 that involves " Firearms; Unlawful acts ". Compared to five years ago, the largest increase — 14 percent — was registered for prosecutions under " Hobbs Act " (Title 18 U.S.C Section 1951 ).

Again among the top ten lead charges, the one showing the sharpest decline in prosecutions compared to one year ago — down 16.5 percent — was " Conspiracy to commit offense or to defraud US " (Title 18 U.S.C Section 371 ). This was the same statute that had the largest decrease — 29.8 % — when compared with five years ago.

Top Ranked Judicial Districts

In July 2017 the Justice Department said the government brought 2206.5 prosecutions for every ten million people in the United States.

Understandably, there is great variation in the per capita number of prosecutions that are filed in each of the nation's ninety-four federal judicial districts.

The districts registering the largest number of prosecutions per capita for these matters last month are shown in Table 3. Districts must have at least 5 prosecutions to receive a ranking.


Judicial District Percapita Count Rank 1yr ago 5yrs ago  
N Mexico 15,711 273 1 3 5 More
Cal, S 12,001 348 2 5 4 More
Wyoming 10,237 50 3 72 81 More
Texas, W 8,185 476 4 2 1 More
Texas, S 7,508 593 5 1 3 More
Tenn, W 7,164 94 6 35 40 More
Arizona 6,467 368 7 4 2 More
Ark, E 6,073 83 8 60 51 More
S Dakota 5,118 36 9 30 34 More
Ala, M 4,267 41 10 84 84 More
Table 3. Top 10 Districts (per ten million people)

  • The District of New Mexico — with 15711 prosecutions as compared with 2206.5 prosecutions per ten million population in the United States — was the most active during July 2017. The District of New Mexico was ranked 3 a year ago, while it was ranked 5 for most frequent use five years ago.

  • The Southern District of California (San Diego) ranked 2nd. The Southern District of California (San Diego) was ranked 5 a year ago, while it was ranked 4 for most frequent use five years ago.

  • District of Wyoming is now ranking 3rd.

Recent entrants to the top 10 list were South Dakota , now ranked 9th , and Western District of Tennessee (Memphis) at 6th In the same order, these districts ranked 30th and 35th one year ago and 34th and 40th five years ago.

The federal judicial district which showed the greatest growth in the rate of prosecutions compared to one year ago — 64.7 percent — was Eastern District of Arkansas (Little Rock). Compared to five years ago, the district with the largest growth — 32.3 percent — was Wyoming .

In the last year, the judicial District Court recording the largest drop in the rate of prosecutions — 40.7 percent — was New Mexico .  But over the past five years, Arizona showed the largest drop — 35.3 percent.

Top Ranked District Judges

At any one time, there are about 680 federal District Court judges working in the United States. The judges recorded with the largest number of new crime cases of this type during July 2017 are shown in Table 4.

Judge Count Rank 1yr ago 5yrs ago  
Moses, Alia M. Texas, W 141 1 1 1 More
Brack, Robert C. N Mexico 89 2 2 2 More
Ramos, Nelva Gonzales Texas, S 72 3 13 11 More
Gonzales, Kenneth John N Mexico 69 4 3 - More
Hittner, David Texas, S 66 5 275 580 More
Junell, Robert A. Texas, W 64 6 4 3 More
Hinojosa, Ricardo H. Texas, S 63 7 7 5 More
Crane, Randy Texas, S 57 8 11 4 More
Garcia Marmolejo, Marina Texas, S 56 9 12 36 More
Alvarez, Micaela Texas, S 55 10 6 6 More
Table 4. Top Ten Judges

All 10 of the "top ten" judges were in districts which were in the top ten with the largest number of filings per capit.

  • Judge Alia M. Moses in the Western District of Texas (San Antonio) ranked 1st with 141 defendants in cases. Judge Moses appeared in the top ten rankings one year (ranked 1) and five years ago (rank 1).

  • Judge Robert C. Brack in the District of New Mexico ranked 2nd with 89 defendants in cases. Judge Brack appeared in the top ten rankings one year (ranked 2) and five years ago (rank 2).

  • Judge Nelva Gonzales Ramos in the Southern District of Texas (Houston) ranked 3rd with 72 defendants in cases.

Report Generated: August 31, 2017
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