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CITE

    18 USC Sec. 1203                                            01/05/2009

EXPCITE

    TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
    PART I - CRIMES
    CHAPTER 55 - KIDNAPPING

HEAD

    Sec. 1203. Hostage taking

STATUTE

      (a) Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section,
    whoever, whether inside or outside the United States, seizes or
    detains and threatens to kill, to injure, or to continue to detain
    another person in order to compel a third person or a governmental
    organization to do or abstain from doing any act as an explicit or
    implicit condition for the release of the person detained, or
    attempts or conspires to do so, shall be punished by imprisonment
    for any term of years or for life and, if the death of any person
    results, shall be punished by death or life imprisonment.
      (b)(1) It is not an offense under this section if the conduct
    required for the offense occurred outside the United States unless -
        (A) the offender or the person seized or detained is a national
      of the United States;
        (B) the offender is found in the United States; or
        (C) the governmental organization sought to be compelled is the
      Government of the United States.
      (2) It is not an offense under this section if the conduct
    required for the offense occurred inside the United States, each
    alleged offender and each person seized or detained are nationals
    of the United States, and each alleged offender is found in the
    United States, unless the governmental organization sought to be
    compelled is the Government of the United States.
      (c) As used in this section, the term "national of the United
    States" has the meaning given such term in section 101(a)(22) of
    the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(22)).

SOURCE

    (Added Pub. L. 98-473, title II, Sec. 2002(a), Oct. 12, 1984, 98
    Stat. 2186; amended Pub. L. 100-690, title VII, Sec. 7028, Nov. 18,
    1988, 102 Stat. 4397; Pub. L. 103-322, title VI, Sec. 60003(a)(10),
    Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 1969; Pub. L. 104-132, title VII, Sec.
    723(a)(1), Apr. 24, 1996, 110 Stat. 1300.)

AMENDMENTS

      1996 - Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104-132 inserted "or conspires" after
    "attempts".
      1994 - Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103-322 inserted before period at end
    "and, if the death of any person results, shall be punished by
    death or life imprisonment".
      1988 - Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 100-690 substituted "(c) As" for "(C)
    As".
                              EFFECTIVE DATE
      Section 2003 of part A (Secs. 2001-2003) of chapter XX of title
    II of Pub. L. 98-473 provided that: "This part and the amendments
    made by this part [enacting this section and provisions set out as
    a note under section 1201 of this title] shall take effect on the
    later of -
        "(1) the date of the enactment of this joint resolution [Oct.
      12, 1984]; or
        "(2) the date the International Convention Against the Taking
      of Hostages has come into force and the United States has become
      a party to that convention [the convention entered into force
      June 6, 1983; and entered into force for the United States Jan.
      6, 1985]."